The first visit from a Western European was by Hugh Willoughby in 1553. For Western Europeans, the search for the Northern Sea Route in the 16th century led to its exploration. The Russian people knew of Novaya Zemlya from the 11th century, when hunters from Novgorod visited the area. Novaya Zemlya was one of the two major nuclear test sites managed by the USSR it was used for air drops and underground testing of the largest of Soviet nuclear bombs, in particular the Octoair burst explosion of Tsar Bomba, the largest, most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated. It was used primarily for interceptor aircraft operations, but also provided logistical support for the nearby nuclear test area. The Soviet Air Force maintained a presence at Rogachevo on the southern part of the southern island, on the westernmost peninsula ( 71☃7′04″N 52☂8′44″E / 71.61787°N 52.47884☎ / 71.61787 52.47884). Novaya Zemlya was a sensitive military area during the Cold War, and parts of it are still used for airfields today. Municipally, it is incorporated as Novaya Zemlya Urban Okrug. Administratively, it is incorporated as Novaya Zemlya District, one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. ![]() ![]() Novaya Zemlya consists of two main islands, the northern Severny Island and the southern Yuzhny Island, which are separated by the Matochkin Strait. To Novaya Zemlya's west lies the Barents Sea and to the east is the Kara Sea. ![]() It is situated in the Arctic Ocean, in the extreme northeast of Europe, with Cape Flissingsky, on the northern island, considered the easternmost point of Europe. 'New Land') is an archipelago in northern Russia. Novaya Zemlya ( / ˌ n oʊ v ə j ə ˈ z ɛ m l i ə/, also UK: / ˌ n ɒ v-, - aɪ.
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